1. Key terms:
Internet2:An alternative Internet-style network that provides faster communications for universities and research institutions
TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)"language" for the internet that allows cross-network communication for almost every type of computer or network.
Packet-switching: A standard technique used to send information over the internet.A message is broken into packets that travel independently from network to network towards their common destination, where they are united.
internetworking: connecting different types of networks and computer systems
open standards: not owned by any company
IP address: a string of 4 numbers separated by periods or dots that serves as an address for computers on the internet.
Static IP address: an address that is permanent
Dynamic IP address: address used for computers that are temporarily connected to the net, such as with dial up connection.
Next Generation Internet: refers to Internet Protocol Version 6. It solves the problem of address shortages and other improvements
multicasting: is a more efficient way for the same information to be transmitted to multiple Internet connected devices
DNS - Domain name system: A system that translates a computers numerical address into an easier to remember string of names separated by dots
domains:class of internet addresses indicated by suffixes such as .com, .org. gov.
(more will be added )
2.Why is it hard to determine how big the Internet is?
-It is growing to fast
-Its is decentralized, there is not a central system to track user activity
-It doesn't have hard boundaries. It is hard to say what belongs to the internet.
3. Why are TCP/IP protocols so important to the functioning of the internet? What does it do?
It functions as a "Language" the allows cross network communication for almost any type of computer or network. Without it you would not be able to have cross network communication between different computers and networks.
4. How does the type of Internet connection influence the things you can do on the Internet?
If you have high speed internet you can access a lot of things really quickly, without much waiting. But if you have bad internet connections, some websites might no open or might take a really long time open making then not worth the wait. This also makes it hard to view videos and other multimedia.With bad connection you try to do only what is really necessary.
Monday, March 21, 2011
Wednesday, March 16, 2011
Chapter 8 Review Questions (total of 8 questions)
2.Give three general reasons for the importance of computer networking?
5. Under what circumstances is a modem necessary for connecting computers in networks? What does a modem do?
A modem is a hardware device that connects a computer to a telephone line.Modems are necessary when you want to use a telephone network to connect remote computers. It job is to convert digital signals into analog signals and vice versa.
6.Describe at least two communication softwares.
One communication software is known as NOS or a network operating system.. It is for users who work exclusively on a local area network.It must respond to requests from many computers and must coordinate communication through out the network.
Another communication software is the terminal emulation software. It is the most basic communication software outside of LAN.It enables a computer to function as a simple input and output device for sending messages to or receiving messages from the host computer.
7. How can a file server be used in a student computer lab? What software issue
would be raised by using a file server in a student lab?
In a student lab a file server can be used to store file created by students and softwares and sharing them with ease.A software licensing issue that can be raised since some but not all licenses allow the software to be installed on a file server as long as the number of simultaneous users never exceeds the number of licenses copies.
8. What are the difference between email and instant messaging systems?
One of the main differences is that instant messaging is Real -Time communication and is based on typed text while e-mails are not and can include text, images and more.
9. Describe something you can do with email that you can not do with regular mail.
Using email you can send messages within minutes and get a quick response. You don't have to go and drop the letter at a post office.
10. Describe several potential problems associated with email and teleconferencing.
-If the recipient views an HTML-encoded message with a mail program that does not recognize HTML, the formatting doesn't appear.
-Some messages can carry web bugs and viruses
-Junk mailers can get information about you when you read their messages
-they are vulnerable to machine failure, network glitches, and security breaches
-messages can be misunderstood
13. Why is netiquette important? Give some examples of netiquette.
Netiquette is important in ensuring that others have a pleasant Internet experiences. Some examples of good network or Internet etiquettes are respecting the privacy of others, not abusing your power, and avoiding 'flamewars'.
- Networks enable people to share computer hardware resources,reducing costs and making it possible for people to benefit from powerful computer equipment.
- Networks allow people to share data ans programs, increasing efficiency and productivity
- Networks allow people to work together , in way that would otherwise be difficult.
5. Under what circumstances is a modem necessary for connecting computers in networks? What does a modem do?
A modem is a hardware device that connects a computer to a telephone line.Modems are necessary when you want to use a telephone network to connect remote computers. It job is to convert digital signals into analog signals and vice versa.
6.Describe at least two communication softwares.
One communication software is known as NOS or a network operating system.. It is for users who work exclusively on a local area network.It must respond to requests from many computers and must coordinate communication through out the network.
Another communication software is the terminal emulation software. It is the most basic communication software outside of LAN.It enables a computer to function as a simple input and output device for sending messages to or receiving messages from the host computer.
7. How can a file server be used in a student computer lab? What software issue
would be raised by using a file server in a student lab?
In a student lab a file server can be used to store file created by students and softwares and sharing them with ease.A software licensing issue that can be raised since some but not all licenses allow the software to be installed on a file server as long as the number of simultaneous users never exceeds the number of licenses copies.
8. What are the difference between email and instant messaging systems?
One of the main differences is that instant messaging is Real -Time communication and is based on typed text while e-mails are not and can include text, images and more.
9. Describe something you can do with email that you can not do with regular mail.
Using email you can send messages within minutes and get a quick response. You don't have to go and drop the letter at a post office.
10. Describe several potential problems associated with email and teleconferencing.
-If the recipient views an HTML-encoded message with a mail program that does not recognize HTML, the formatting doesn't appear.
-Some messages can carry web bugs and viruses
-Junk mailers can get information about you when you read their messages
-they are vulnerable to machine failure, network glitches, and security breaches
-messages can be misunderstood
13. Why is netiquette important? Give some examples of netiquette.
Netiquette is important in ensuring that others have a pleasant Internet experiences. Some examples of good network or Internet etiquettes are respecting the privacy of others, not abusing your power, and avoiding 'flamewars'.
chapter 8
social networking in plain english video
Networking and digital communication
-Artur C. clarkes prophesy: it a scientist says that some thing is possible he is right but if he says that it is not then he is wrong
-he predicted the use of geostationary communication satellites
comp network: system of 2 or more comp. linked together. helps in communication etc
LAN : comp close to each other, local,
-each comp is a node on a network
wireless network: each node has a tiny radio to connect it to the network/
MAN: link s many lans
WAN: extended over large distances
routers: hardware tat route messages as they travel between networks
GPS: global positioning system
024 satellites that go around the earth and give us info
-a network not connected to the internet
ATM: Automated teller machine: special terminal linked to banks computer
network interface card:
-adds additional serial port
-direct network connection
-controls data transfer from ram to network cable
Modem: connects computer port to phone line
transition speed is in bps )bits per second)
computer send s digital signal
modem converts the signal from digital to analog and vice versa
Broadband connection: connection with much greater bandwidth
-DSL, cable modems,high-speed wireless, satellite dishes
fiberoptic connection: better than DSL and cable modems. substitute copper wires. uses speed of light.
wire less: lightning fast connection is useless if you are away from your desk most of the time
fastest growing wireless tech is wi-fi (for lan)
blue tooth allows many device up to 30 ft can communicate with each other
-possible to create a personal area network
possibilities:
-pacemaker and calling 911
- pen scans business cards and sends info to PDA in brief case
-wrist band that gives info of accident victims to the doctor
-phone tells you sales in store for clothes your size as you walk by it
Communication softwares: establishes protocols by hardware
NOS: systems handles communication between workstations
peer to peer
Networks: share hardware ex. printer
Softwares: file servers
people : groupware
Email: send and receive messages through networking uses ASCII code
some don't always show HTML. but risk of web bugs. Mailing list help you subscribe to sites and get info in your inbox
newsgroup; get daily info. there are moderators
asyncronous communication: sender and receiver dont have to be on at the same time
IM : real-time , need to be on a t same time
computer telephony integration: link comps and phones for better
VoIP: use Internet to make voice calls. easy, less expensive
disadvantage: no 911 services, dont work in black out
-no quality guarantee
Social networking: twitter, facebook
Emails problems: spam, junk mail, security, threat to privacy, vulnerable to machine failures
cookies: can be used by snoopers to get info about you
wireless: issues of access, security, privacy
many services will be taken over by digital delivery systems
telecommunication is changing
summary:
LAN: comps are close together, have radio transmitters
WAN are more distant
Computers are connected together by the internet
most comp use Ethernet
wireless revolution is far from over.
Networking and digital communication
-Artur C. clarkes prophesy: it a scientist says that some thing is possible he is right but if he says that it is not then he is wrong
-he predicted the use of geostationary communication satellites
comp network: system of 2 or more comp. linked together. helps in communication etc
LAN : comp close to each other, local,
-each comp is a node on a network
wireless network: each node has a tiny radio to connect it to the network/
MAN: link s many lans
WAN: extended over large distances
routers: hardware tat route messages as they travel between networks
GPS: global positioning system
024 satellites that go around the earth and give us info
-a network not connected to the internet
ATM: Automated teller machine: special terminal linked to banks computer
network interface card:
-adds additional serial port
-direct network connection
-controls data transfer from ram to network cable
Modem: connects computer port to phone line
transition speed is in bps )bits per second)
computer send s digital signal
modem converts the signal from digital to analog and vice versa
Broadband connection: connection with much greater bandwidth
-DSL, cable modems,high-speed wireless, satellite dishes
fiberoptic connection: better than DSL and cable modems. substitute copper wires. uses speed of light.
wire less: lightning fast connection is useless if you are away from your desk most of the time
fastest growing wireless tech is wi-fi (for lan)
blue tooth allows many device up to 30 ft can communicate with each other
-possible to create a personal area network
possibilities:
-pacemaker and calling 911
- pen scans business cards and sends info to PDA in brief case
-wrist band that gives info of accident victims to the doctor
-phone tells you sales in store for clothes your size as you walk by it
Communication softwares: establishes protocols by hardware
NOS: systems handles communication between workstations
peer to peer
Networks: share hardware ex. printer
Softwares: file servers
people : groupware
Email: send and receive messages through networking uses ASCII code
some don't always show HTML. but risk of web bugs. Mailing list help you subscribe to sites and get info in your inbox
newsgroup; get daily info. there are moderators
asyncronous communication: sender and receiver dont have to be on at the same time
IM : real-time , need to be on a t same time
computer telephony integration: link comps and phones for better
VoIP: use Internet to make voice calls. easy, less expensive
disadvantage: no 911 services, dont work in black out
-no quality guarantee
Social networking: twitter, facebook
Emails problems: spam, junk mail, security, threat to privacy, vulnerable to machine failures
cookies: can be used by snoopers to get info about you
wireless: issues of access, security, privacy
many services will be taken over by digital delivery systems
telecommunication is changing
summary:
LAN: comps are close together, have radio transmitters
WAN are more distant
Computers are connected together by the internet
most comp use Ethernet
wireless revolution is far from over.
Discussion Question #2
DQ:
Suppose you have an important message to send to a friend in another city, and you can use the telephone, email, real-time teleconference, fax, or overnight mail service. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each. See if you can think of a situation for each of the five options in which that particular option is the most appropriate choice.
If you want to send to a friend you have many options to chose from. You can call the friend using the telephone. The advantage of using a telephone is that you can tell teh person exactly what you want and make sure they understand what you are telling them. It doesn' t take much time, you just pick up the phone and call. The disadvantage is that you might forget something you want to say or you might not feel comfortable calling someone.Email is another choice. It is fast but there is no guarentee that your friend saw your message. If she did recieve it there is a chance that she might nt understand what you are trying to explain especially if it is complicated. Teleconferences are helpful but they might take time. They rely of access to a computer and internet just like emails. sometime it freezes or has other glitches. Faxing is not a very good choice because it requires the other person to have a fax machine. It also take longer than just making a phone call. But if you have something like a flyier or a picture to scan to the friend it can be really useful. Overnight mail can take to much time especially if you have an important message.
Suppose you have an important message to send to a friend in another city, and you can use the telephone, email, real-time teleconference, fax, or overnight mail service. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each. See if you can think of a situation for each of the five options in which that particular option is the most appropriate choice.
If you want to send to a friend you have many options to chose from. You can call the friend using the telephone. The advantage of using a telephone is that you can tell teh person exactly what you want and make sure they understand what you are telling them. It doesn' t take much time, you just pick up the phone and call. The disadvantage is that you might forget something you want to say or you might not feel comfortable calling someone.Email is another choice. It is fast but there is no guarentee that your friend saw your message. If she did recieve it there is a chance that she might nt understand what you are trying to explain especially if it is complicated. Teleconferences are helpful but they might take time. They rely of access to a computer and internet just like emails. sometime it freezes or has other glitches. Faxing is not a very good choice because it requires the other person to have a fax machine. It also take longer than just making a phone call. But if you have something like a flyier or a picture to scan to the friend it can be really useful. Overnight mail can take to much time especially if you have an important message.
Thursday, March 10, 2011
Chapter 7 4RQs #2
6) What are the advantages of personal information management softwares over paper notebook organizers? What are the disadvantages?
Personal information management software (PIM) are faster and more flexible than paper notebook organizers.It has automatic functions for notes, to-do lists, appointment calendars, and address books. It is also very organized, portable and easy to update. Its basic function is to facilitate the recording, tracking, and management of certain types of "personal information".
Some disadvantages can be related to security and usability.
7) What does it mean to sort a data file?
To sort data means to arrange records in an alphabetic or numeric order based on value in one or more fields.
8) How can a database be designed to reduce the likelihood of data entry errors?
Using relational databases and key fields can help reduce the likelihood of data entry errors. The data scrubbing/data cleansing can be done to do through a database and eliminate dirty data. But for errors not corrected by automated cleansing tools the only other option is to get it looked over by another person.
11) Why are computers important in discussions of invasion of privacy?
Computers can be used to easily invade privacy and manipulate information. Data mining techniques can be used to extract information about individuals and groups without their knowledge or consent. and database information can be easilt sold or used for purposes other than those of which it was collected for.
Personal information management software (PIM) are faster and more flexible than paper notebook organizers.It has automatic functions for notes, to-do lists, appointment calendars, and address books. It is also very organized, portable and easy to update. Its basic function is to facilitate the recording, tracking, and management of certain types of "personal information".
Some disadvantages can be related to security and usability.
7) What does it mean to sort a data file?
To sort data means to arrange records in an alphabetic or numeric order based on value in one or more fields.
8) How can a database be designed to reduce the likelihood of data entry errors?
Using relational databases and key fields can help reduce the likelihood of data entry errors. The data scrubbing/data cleansing can be done to do through a database and eliminate dirty data. But for errors not corrected by automated cleansing tools the only other option is to get it looked over by another person.
11) Why are computers important in discussions of invasion of privacy?
Computers can be used to easily invade privacy and manipulate information. Data mining techniques can be used to extract information about individuals and groups without their knowledge or consent. and database information can be easilt sold or used for purposes other than those of which it was collected for.
Wednesday, March 9, 2011
Discussion Question 3/911
DQ: What have you done this week that directly or indirectly involved a database? How would your week have been different in a world without databases?
A database that I have been recently using is Google. Google is something I use very often, especially when it comes to doing research. This week for TOK we had to find a famous controversial art piece and write about it. Google made it easy for me to find one and look up plenty of information related to it. Without databases like Google researching would be difficult and very time consuming, especially since there is a great availability of information on the web. I wouldn't mind looking through a few books but time is very precious especially as IB students. I am so glad that we have databases like Google to make our lives a bit easier.
A database that I have been recently using is Google. Google is something I use very often, especially when it comes to doing research. This week for TOK we had to find a famous controversial art piece and write about it. Google made it easy for me to find one and look up plenty of information related to it. Without databases like Google researching would be difficult and very time consuming, especially since there is a great availability of information on the web. I wouldn't mind looking through a few books but time is very precious especially as IB students. I am so glad that we have databases like Google to make our lives a bit easier.
Monday, March 7, 2011
Chapter 7- 4RQs
1. Define Key terms:
(pg. 224-231)
database: a collection of info stored in an organized form in a computer
database program: the software used to organize, store, and retrieve data
table: a collection of related information
record: information related to one person, product, or event
field: A discrete chunk of info in a record
field type: the type of information a field can hold
numeric field: field that only contains numbers
date field: field that only contains date values
computed fields: displays values calculated from values in other numeric fields, might contain formulas.
browse: to search through the records of the database in search for information
query: information request
search: to look for a specific record
select: Looking for all records that match a set of criteria
import data: to receive data in the form of text files created with word processors, spreadsheets, or other database.
report: an ordered list of selected records and fields in an easy to read format
export data: to transmit necessary records and fields to word processors with mail merge capabilities
query language: language used for query which is more precise than English
SQL: Structured Query Language: A standard language supported by modern database management systems for programming complex queries.
2. What is the difference between a file manager and a database-management system? How are they similar?
A file manager is a program that allows its user to work with one file at a time. A database management system is more than that. It is system of programs that can manipulate data in a large collection of file cross referencing between files as needed. File manager is sufficient for mailing list s and other easy task but when it comes to complex jobs there really is no substitute for database management system.
They are similar because they are both used in storing data.
3. Describe a simple database.
A typical database is composed of tables. A database table is a collection of records. Each discrete chunk of information in a record is called a field. The information a field can hold is based on its field type. It can have a text field for entering text, a numeric field for entering numbers, date field for dates and computed field such as for formulas needed to calculate a specific thing.
4. What is a query? Give examples of the kinds of questions that might be answered with a query.
A query is basically an information request. It can be a simple search for a specific record. An example of a query an be anything that you might want to search using a search engine such as information about specific presidents, recipes, tech terms etc.
(pg. 224-231)
database: a collection of info stored in an organized form in a computer
database program: the software used to organize, store, and retrieve data
table: a collection of related information
record: information related to one person, product, or event
field: A discrete chunk of info in a record
field type: the type of information a field can hold
numeric field: field that only contains numbers
date field: field that only contains date values
computed fields: displays values calculated from values in other numeric fields, might contain formulas.
browse: to search through the records of the database in search for information
query: information request
search: to look for a specific record
select: Looking for all records that match a set of criteria
import data: to receive data in the form of text files created with word processors, spreadsheets, or other database.
report: an ordered list of selected records and fields in an easy to read format
export data: to transmit necessary records and fields to word processors with mail merge capabilities
query language: language used for query which is more precise than English
SQL: Structured Query Language: A standard language supported by modern database management systems for programming complex queries.
2. What is the difference between a file manager and a database-management system? How are they similar?
A file manager is a program that allows its user to work with one file at a time. A database management system is more than that. It is system of programs that can manipulate data in a large collection of file cross referencing between files as needed. File manager is sufficient for mailing list s and other easy task but when it comes to complex jobs there really is no substitute for database management system.
They are similar because they are both used in storing data.
3. Describe a simple database.
A typical database is composed of tables. A database table is a collection of records. Each discrete chunk of information in a record is called a field. The information a field can hold is based on its field type. It can have a text field for entering text, a numeric field for entering numbers, date field for dates and computed field such as for formulas needed to calculate a specific thing.
4. What is a query? Give examples of the kinds of questions that might be answered with a query.
A query is basically an information request. It can be a simple search for a specific record. An example of a query an be anything that you might want to search using a search engine such as information about specific presidents, recipes, tech terms etc.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)